Seagull's Return
Active member
London Calling said:All well and good, but since the Normans conquered Britain 1066-90 and the official language was French (Latin) for two centuries.
Why do we now spea English?![]()
We speak a language comprising elements of the languages of the people that have turfed up here over the years; the most significant elements are from Old English (which used to be called Anglo-Saxon) and Norman French, although Scandinavians have contributed a bit, too. All languages assimilate elements of other languages they come into contact with to a greater or lesser extent, most notably with loan-words ("le weekend", for example, or ""typhoon").
What happened here was that after the Conquest the two major languages - those of the Anglo-Saxons and the Normans - merged over the centuries, despite their very different origins (one Germanic, and the other Romance, ie derived in the main from Latin); consequently we have a lot of words French people recognise, but others - and concepts of grammar - which are very alien to them. Must confuse the f*** out of them.
You can see a "ghost" of the development of English in the words for domestic animals (cows, sheep, pigs, etc) which come from an Old English source, and the words for their meat (beef, mutton, pork, etc) which come from a Norman French source - reflecting social divisions, I guess (the beaten Anglo-Saxons kept the animals, the victorious Normans ate them).
French was the language of the court for a long time, I believe, along with Latin as the "official" language of documentation and the church; however, that began to change in the early Middle Ages, and English (at that time Middle English, I think - it went from Old to Middle to Modern) became more and more used by the ruling classes (who were more often than not French or thereabouts by birth and culture but with lands in England as well as on the Continent) and not just the peasantry - presumably they learnt the local lingo in order to shout at the English toiling in their fields. By the time Chaucer started to write prose and poetry in English, the assimilation process was well underway - his language is a right mixture of the two.
All the best words in Modern English are, however, of Old English provenance, e.g. "f***" and "shit", etc...
Just read this to myself, and realised what a smartarse I am. I'll get my coat...