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Yet another way of setting this out: You are positing that payments by customers (£27) + tip (£2) = incorrect original bill (£30), which is incorrect by £1. However, payments by customers of £27 already include the tip, so you're immediately double-counting the tip. Your revised equation would...

This. You just need to follow the cash flows: 1. £30 from customer to restaurant 2. £3 from restaurant to customers 3. £2 from restaurant to waiter This ends up, as HKFC says, with £25 in till, £2 in waiter's pocket, £1 each in pockets of three customers - add them up and that's your £30.